Melanoma is a malignant tumour deriving from the degeneration and development of melanocytes. It is the most malignant tumour of the skin and mucous.
It is a potentially deadly disease that could lead to lymph and haematogenous metastases. It appears in various forms, such as asymmetrical, with uneven margins, colourful or brown spot, or as a nodule.
Melanoma is not the most common form of skin cancer, but it may definitely be the most dangerous if it is not diagnosed and treated early. Over the last few years, the frequency of occurrence has increased significantly.
Intrinsic risk factors contributing to melanoma include:
- Positive family history.
- Large number of dysplastic moles.
- Fair skin, with red or blonde hair.
- White race.
- Women.
- Immunosuppression.
- Hormonal factors.
External factors include:
- Excessive sun exposure and extensive sun burns, which are the most significant factors.
- Chronic irritation of moles that may possibly bleed.
- Exposure to artificial UV radiation (solarium).
Like all malignancies, early diagnosis and treatment from a plastic surgery specialist are key to final therapy.
